Clean, Efficient and Quiet Engine Design скачать в хорошем качестве

Clean, Efficient and Quiet Engine Design

Miniature hot air engine running. http://www.moneryengines.co.uk Miniature hot air engines built by Peter Monery, a retired engineer and hot air engine enthusiast from London, England. The engine shown here is a 90 degree Vee twin configuration with cast iron pistons running directly in an aluminium cylinder block / crankcase. Enclosed spaces above the pistons are connected with small diameter stainless steel tube. One cylinder has a thin walled Stainless steel hot cap and piston extension. The other a plain piston and aluminium head. The crankshaft runs on ball races, both pistons are connected to the same crankpin. The crankcase is open so the underside of the pistons is at atmospheric pressure at all times. It is unusual to hear of model hot air engines operating at high RPM, mainly because of mechanical friction that will place a limit. The 90 deg Vee twin configuration has quite good dynamic balance and small air cooled ones will run continuously at 4,000 RPM or more. Hot air engines make use of the expansion and contraction of air as it moves between the hot and cold parts of the engine to move a piston that creates a mechanical action. The addition of a flywheel maintains momentum and ensures a smooth, constant rotational energy. Hot air engines are typically more efficient, cleaner and quieter than steam or internal combustion engines and can be operated by any heat source, including solar energy. This makes them extremely versatile, safe and environmentally friendly. Originally developed in the 18th and 19th Centuries as an alternative to steam hot air engines are ideal for applications such as small generators, pumps and fans but in the 20th century they were eclipsed by the electric motor. In the 21st century increasing environmental concern and a greater willingness to embrace alternative energy technologies has led to renewed interest in hot air engines. There are numerous theoretical models explaining the thermodynamic cycles that are employed by hot air engines. The most famous being the Sterling cycle named in honour of the 19th Century Scottish engineer Robert Stirling. Stirlings name is now synonymous with hot air engines but there are other models (also named after famous engineers) such as Ericsson, Carnot, Coleman and Stoddard.