Orbital Energy Diagrams Made Easy - Relaxing ASMR Chemistry скачать в хорошем качестве

Orbital Energy Diagrams Made Easy - Relaxing ASMR Chemistry

Here are four examples of orbital energy diagrams: a neutral C atom, two excited states of a C atom, a +4 sulfur cation, and a -2 sulfur anion. Work along with me, or just relax! If you don't have time to watch, here’s an at-a-glance summary: • Introduction to Orbital Energy Diagrams: The video covers how to draw and interpret orbital energy diagrams for atoms, ions, and excited states. • Importance of Electron Configuration: A basic understanding of electron configuration is essential. The video references other videos I've created for learning electron configurations in more detail. • Carbon Atom Example: The video explains the orbital energy diagram for a neutral carbon atom, filling the 1s, 2s, and 2p orbitals with electrons. • Order of Orbital Filling (Aufbau Principle): Orbitals are filled in order of increasing energy, with 1s being filled first, followed by 2s and then 2p orbitals. • The Pauli Exclusion Principle: Each orbital can hold two electrons, and these electrons must have opposite spins (spin up and spin down). • Hund’s Rule: For degenerate orbitals (like the 2p orbitals), electrons will fill separate orbitals with the same spin before pairing up. This occurs to minimize electron repulsion. • Ion Example – Sulfur +4: For a sulfur ion with a +4 charge (sulfur loses 4 electrons), the orbital diagram is adjusted by removing electrons from the 3p orbitals. • Ion Example – Sulfur -2: A sulfur ion with a -2 charge (sulfur gains 2 electrons) results in filling up the 3p orbitals, as the electron configuration changes to match that of argon. • Excited States: Excited states occur when electrons are promoted to higher energy orbitals. Two examples of excited states for carbon are shown, including an electron transition to a higher-energy orbital and a "spin flip" of an unpaired electron in the 3p orbital. • Conclusion (& Gratitude!): I so much appreciate all the feedback that so many of you give! If you are enjoying my videos and find them useful, I encourage you to like, subscribe, and share the video to help others understand chemistry concepts.