What is Spiegelman's monster? (It's to do with BACTERIOPHAGES) скачать в хорошем качестве

What is Spiegelman's monster? (It's to do with BACTERIOPHAGES)

Sol Spiegelman researched bacteriophages and created the exciting world of in vitro evolution studies. The bacteriophage genome Spiegelman experimented with transformed dramatically in his experiments and lost many of the capabilities of the wild type bacteriophage. But it also gained something spectacular: replication speed!  If you enjoyed this bacteriophage-rich content SUBSCRIBE! ▶ | http://youtube.everycellauniverse.com...| Follow Every Cell a Universe on Twitter ▶   / everycellauni   | Playlist of all Every Cell a Universe videos here ▶ http://youtube.everycellauniverse.com... Since the YouTube algorithm really likes comments on videos, consider commenting. It can be something stupid or lame. I'm excited to read all the comments anyways :)  -- Resources  The original article describing the self-replicating RNA, that was transferred from one test tube to another (Spiegelman's monster) http://rebrand.ly/arbm8z The article where Sol Spiegelman and Leslie Orgel and colleagues experimented with ethidium bromide containing growth solutions. This study mentioned the exact starting and ending lengths of the RNA in the original experiment by Spiegelman, which the original article does not tell.  http://rebrand.ly/5eq417 While researching, I stumbled into varying lengths for the starting length of the RNA genome and the final length of the Spiegelman's monster. Reports about a shorter Spiegelman's monster seem to stem from this study, published five years after the original by Spiegelman and colleagues. It describes a Spiegelman's monster with a length of 218 nucleotides.  http://rebrand.ly/fstjcx   The study by Frank Oehlenschläger and Manfred Eigen, in which the Spiegelman's monster reached the minuscule size of around 50 nucleotides. The study also elaborated on the original experimental setup: Spiegelman selected for fast growth by transferring within the exponential growth period. It would be interesting to know how the experiment would differ had fast growth not been selected for by transferring within the exponential growth period and instead the experiment had reached an equilibrium before transfer. Would the monster still have been born? I would think so since the shorter strands still out populate the longer strands.  http://rebrand.ly/jukmv5 An NIH Profiles in Science page on Sol Spiegelman and his research. The link is to the part of Sol's career where he discovered the Spiegelman's monster. The other pages are enjoyable too! http://rebrand.ly/ffccv6 A review article on RNA world hypothesis. Also mentions the Spiegelman's monster and its importance for the field of in vitro evolution. http://rebrand.ly/enpgc0 Books discussing the Spiegelman's monster (I don't get a commission for mentioning these books or linking to them) Richard Dawkins' and Yan Wong's The Ancestors Tale goes over the Spiegelman's monster experiment and other later experiments on the subject in chapter 40, Canterbury. The book discusses how life might have originated and what limitations different macromolecules have for developing into the first replicators. I didn't have time to read anything else besides the parts related to the Spiegelman's monster, but this book is something I definitely want to read fully. http://rebrand.ly/2cb75 The Minimal Self by Rupert Glasgow is an exciting book exploring the concept of self in relation to biology. The chapter talking about Spiegelman's monster is "The Streamlined Selves of Small Viruses and Viroids." Another book I'll come back with more time. The book is published under the creative commons license and is free to read. http://rebrand.ly/bvrik9 Another book I delved into while doing background research was "What is Life?: How Chemistry Becomes Biology" by Addy Pross. The book discusses what chemical reactions are critical for life to form. Again, I didn't dive too deep into other parts of the book, besides chapter 4, Stability and Instability, discussing the Spiegelman's monster.  http://rebrand.ly/46d64 --  Credits  Cell division movie by Bruno C. Vellutini CC BY http://rebrand.ly/ts18tx Cell moving movie http://rebrand.ly/sogt7a Protein structures  transferrin http://rebrand.ly/r9lcx3 albumin http://rebrand.ly/9a2nl0 myosin https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?... hemoglobin https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?... RNA polymerase https://www.nature.com/articles/nsmb.... DNA structure http://www.rcsb.org/structure/6S85 RNA structures  ribosome https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?... ribozyme https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?... Icy moon image by NASA, it's Saturn's moon Lapetus. https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/cat... Image of the cells of a Zea mays embryo and video of protozoan life are from the wonderful Berkshire Community College Bioscience Image Library http://rebrand.ly/qc1uas