SGD On Clinical Ophthalmology: Measuring Visual Acuity, Snellen’s Chart, Refractive Errors | MBBS скачать в хорошем качестве

SGD On Clinical Ophthalmology: Measuring Visual Acuity, Snellen’s Chart, Refractive Errors | MBBS

This session serves as an essential introductory guide to ophthalmology, covering the physiological and practical aspects of how the human eye perceives objects. From defining visual acuity to demonstrating the correct use of a trial frame and Snellen’s chart, this lecture bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and bedside clinical skills. Key Topics Covered: Anatomical Basics: A quick review of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves and the basic anatomy of the conjunctiva and cornea [00:00]. Defining Visual Acuity (VA): Understanding VA as the ability of the eye to detect object size, color, and detail [03:47]. Snellen’s Chart & Distance Vision: How to record distance vision at 6 meters, understanding the "6/60 to 6/6" notation, and the use of reverse drums for limited spaces [04:22]. Identifying Refractive Errors: An overview of Myopia, Hypermetropia, Astigmatism, and Presbyopia [09:48]. The Pin-Hole Test: How to differentiate between refractive errors and pathological conditions like cataracts or retinal diseases [10:12]. Assessment for Low Vision: Step-by-step procedures for finger counting (CF), hand movements (HM), perception of light (PL), and projection of rays (PR) [14:48]. Ophthalmological Equipment: A practical demonstration of the Trial Frame, Trial Set, and Snellen’s Chart [19:41]. Near Vision & Presbyopia: Using the near vision chart to assess accommodation and age-related changes in lens elasticity [30:50]. Clinical Cases & Amblyopia: Real-life demonstration with students to identify "Lazy Eye" (Amblyopia) and the importance of early school screening [37:57]. Color Vision: An introduction to the Ishihara Chart and identifying color blindness [40:53]. Why Watch This? This video is a high-yield resource for medical students preparing for ophthalmology practicals and vivas. It provides clear instructions on the "Dos and Don'ts" of eye examinations—such as why you should never apply pressure when occluding an eye [11:37] and how to correctly record clinical findings [27:32]. Timestamps: [00:00] - Introduction to Cranial Nerves and Eye Anatomy [03:47] - What is Visual Acuity? [05:03] - Recording Distance Vision with Snellen’s Chart [08:48] - Interpreting Abnormal Visual Acuity [10:12] - The Role of the Pin-Hole Test [14:48] - Finger Counting and Hand Movement Assessment [15:52] - PL and PR (Perception of Light & Projection of Rays) [19:41] - Trial Frame: Components and Usage [27:32] - How to Document VA Findings (Right vs. Left Eye) [30:50] - Near Vision Assessment & Presbyopia [37:57] - Understanding Amblyopia (Lazy Eye) [40:53] - Color Vision and Ishihara Plate Testing [47:31] - Correct Technique for PL/PR Demonstration SANTINIKETAN MEDICAL COLLEGE & HOSPITAL Real Classroom Demonstration/Lecture On: OPHTHALMOLOGY by Prof. (Dr.) Lata Keshkar (MBBS Batch: 2022-23) Conducted on: 10-02-26