Lecture-1 Advent of the Europeans (Portuguese🇵🇹,Dutch🇳🇱,English🇬🇧,Danes🇩🇰& French🇨🇵) скачать в хорошем качестве

Lecture-1 Advent of the Europeans (Portuguese🇵🇹,Dutch🇳🇱,English🇬🇧,Danes🇩🇰& French🇨🇵)

#completemodernhistoryforupscbytrickyaspirant #trickyaspirant #upsc #rpsc #bpsc #modernhistory #uppcs #history #uppsc #bipinchandra #education #aedo #reet #reetexam #rajasthansi #studysmart #upscmotivation #rasmotivation #lbsnaa #lbsnaamussoorie #modernhistorypreviousyearquestions #adventoftheeuropeans #completemodernhistory #completemodernhistoryforupsc #onestopsolution #crediblecontentforupsc #learnandrevisesmartly The advent of the Europeans in India the arrival of various European trading powers via new sea routes, starting in the late 15th century. Driven by a desire for direct access to lucrative goods like spices, silk, and textiles after traditional land routes were blocked by the Ottoman Turks, these powers established trading posts and eventually sought territorial control, which led to centuries of colonialism and reshaped Indian history.  The primary European powers to arrive, in chronological order, were the Portuguese, Dutch, English, Danes, and French.  Portuguese (1498) Arrival: Led by Vasco da Gama, who reached Calicut on the Malabar Coast in May 1498, the Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish a direct maritime trade route with India. Goal: They aimed to monopolize the profitable spice trade and break the existing Arab and Venetian trade monopolies. Key Figures & Settlements: Francisco de Almeida was the first governor, known for the "Blue Water Policy" to assert naval supremacy. Afonso de Albuquerque, considered the real founder of Portuguese power, captured Goa in 1510, which became their headquarters. Impact: They introduced new crops from the Americas like chilies, potatoes, and cashew nuts, which became integral to Indian cuisine. They were also the first to establish a printing press in India (Goa, 1556). Decline: Their power waned due to strong emerging Indian dynasties (like the Marathas), their aggressive religious policies (the Inquisition in Goa), and the rise of other European naval powers.  Dutch (c. 1602) Arrival: The Dutch East India Company (VOC) was formed in 1602, a unified commercial enterprise with the power to wage war and acquire territory. Goal: They primarily focused on the spice islands of Indonesia but established numerous factories (trading posts) in India to procure textiles for the spice trade. Key Settlements: They established their first factory at Masulipatnam in 1605 and later major centers in Pulicat, Surat, Cochin, and Nagapattinam. Decline: Defeated by the English in the Battle of Bedara in 1759, they eventually shifted their complete focus to their interests in the Malay Archipelago (Indonesia).  English (c. 1608) Arrival: The English East India Company was formed by a group of merchants in 1599 and received a royal charter from Queen Elizabeth I in 1600. Goal: Initially seeking trade permissions, they grew in power after Captain Thomas Best's naval victory over the Portuguese at Swally in 1612, which impressed the Mughal Emperor Jahangir. Key Settlements: Their first permanent factory was established in Surat (1613), followed by Madras (Fort St. George), Bombay (received as dowry from the Portuguese in 1662), and Calcutta (Fort William). Ascendancy: A combination of a stable government back home, naval superiority, industrial advantages, and strategic military skill (e.g., Battle of Plassey in 1757) allowed the British to outcompete all other European and local powers, eventually leading to colonial rule over most of India.  Danes The Danish East India Company, also known as the Danish Asiatic Company, was established in 1616 and 1620; they founded a factory at Tranquebar near Tanjore, on the eastern coast of India. Their principal settlement was at Serampore near Calcutta. The Danish factories, which were not important at any time, were sold to the British government in 1845. The Danes are better known for their missionary activities than for commerce.... Read more at: https://vajiramandravi.com/upsc-exam/... French (c. 1668) Arrival: The French were the last major European power to arrive, with the French East India Company established in 1664 under state patronage. Key Settlements: They set up their first factory in Surat (1668) and founded Pondicherry in 1674, which became their headquarters. Decline: The Anglo-French rivalry culminated in the three Carnatic Wars. The French were decisively defeated at the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760, which effectively ended their political ambitions in India and limited their presence to a few commercial outposts.  The arrival of these European powers fundamentally altered the course of Indian history, transitioning from a period of maritime trade to one of foreign political and economic dominance that lasted until India's independence in 1947.