Neuropharmacology: Signal Transduction in the Brain II (Nestler, Hyman, Malenka, 2009, Ch 4) скачать в хорошем качестве

Neuropharmacology: Signal Transduction in the Brain II (Nestler, Hyman, Malenka, 2009, Ch 4)

This video explores the complex biochemical mechanisms of signal transduction in the brain, detailing how neurons convert extracellular signals into intracellular responses. Based on Chapter 4 of Molecular Neuropharmacology, we examine G proteins, second messengers, protein phosphorylation, and the dynamic regulation of gene expression. I. Signal Transduction Overview Signal transduction converts signals within cells Neurotransmitters bind to specific receptors G proteins couple receptors to effector systems Second messengers include cAMP and calcium Pathways alter neuronal function and physiology II. G Proteins And Second Messengers G proteins bind guanosine triphosphate They regulate intracellular effector systems Adenylyl cyclase synthesizes cAMP from ATP Calcium acts as a major second messenger Nitric oxide functions as an intracellular signal III. Protein Phosphorylation Kinases add phosphate groups to proteins Phosphatases remove phosphate groups PKA and PKC are key protein kinases Phosphorylation regulates ion channels This process modifies neuronal functioning IV. Neurotrophic Factors Factors activate protein tyrosine kinases Trk receptors mediate neurotrophin signaling These pathways regulate cell survival Intracellular cascades amplify the signals Neurotrophins influence neural development V. Gene Expression Regulation Signals regulate gene expression in the nucleus Transcription factors bind regulatory elements Chromatin structure controls gene access Histone acetylation opens chromatin structure DNA methylation can repress gene transcription VI. Transcription Factors CREB is activated by cAMP and calcium signals CREB is crucial for learning and memory AP-1 factors include Fos and Jun proteins Immediate early genes like c-Fos react rapidly Steroid receptors act as transcription factors VII. Additional Resource Support See NourishED RFI's NotebookLM Resource Support Page. https://notebooklm.google.com/noteboo... VIII. Source Nestler, E. J., Hyman, S. E., & Malenka, R. C. (2009). Ch 4: Signal Transduction in the Brain. In Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation For Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill Medical. #neuroscience #neuropharmacology #pharmacology #cellsignaling #geneexpression #medschool #psychiatry #neurology #signaltransduction #neurology #neuropathy ‪@NIHVideoCast‬ ‪@NIHgov‬ ‪@NIMHgov‬ ‪@prsneurosciences‬ ‪@neurochallenged‬ ‪@BrainFactsorg‬ ‪@PsychiatryClinic‬ ‪@UrduBrainFacts‬ ‪@AM_Fouda‬ ‪@SpeedPharmacology‬