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This is a brief video on fetal growth abnormalities, including babies and fetuses that are too small and too large. I created this presentation with Google Slides. Images were created or taken from Wikimedia Commons I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor. ADDITIONAL TAGS: Fetal growth abnormalities By Yehudamalul - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index... LGA = weight above 90th% Diagnosed with fetal ultrasound Risk factors: (gestational) diabetes, obesity, maternal weight gain, advanced maternal age, male female, genetic disorders of overgrowth (Beckwith– Wiedemann syndrome) Macrosomia (literally big body) - baby weighing over 4000-4500 g Complications include shoulder dystocia and other birth trauma, jaundice, poor APGAR, hypoglycemia in neonatal period SGA = weight below 10th% Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) = fail to achieve potential size Symmetric:asymmetric → 20%:80% Asymmetric = abdomen smaller than head Fundal height 3 cm smaller than expected Risk factors: maternal htn, diabetes, SLE, CVD; placental infarction, abruption, velamentous cord (insert into fetal membranes, travel between amnion and chorion Causes: teratogens, smoking, alcohol, cocaine, htn, preeclampsia, infections (CMV, rubella, etc), anemia, multiple gestations, genetic/chromosomal abnormalities, poor placental perfusion, poor nutrition, anatomic abnormalities. Identify cause with karyotype, ultrasound, infection screens Monitor baby with ultrasounds, nonstress tests, doppler velocimetry Bed rest not found to improve outcomes Induce delivery if fetus in distress, mom’s health is in danger, baby continues to drop off growth curve Smaller infant has greater morbidity and mortality Birth weights: LBW low birth weight - less than 2500 g (5 lb 8 oz) very low birth weight VLBW - less than 1500 g (3 lb 5 oz) extremely low birth weight ELBW - less than 1000 g (2 lb 3 oz)