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Jacek Kuroń - How could I remain a communist? (37/150) скачать в хорошем качестве

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Jacek Kuroń - How could I remain a communist? (37/150)

To listen to more of Jacek Kuroń’s stories, go to the playlist:    • Jacek Kuroń (Social activist)   Polish activist Jacek Kuroń (1934-2004) helped to transform the political landscape of Poland. He was expelled from the communist party, arrested and incarcerated. He was also instrumental in setting up Workers' Defence Committee (KOR) and became a Minister of Labour and Social Policy. [Listeners: Jacek Petrycki, Marcel Łoziński; date recorded: 1987] TRANSCRIPT: At this point, I ought to address three questions. Why did I get into communism or in other words, how was it possible to get into it? Why did I remain a communist, or in other words, how was it possible to remain one? And how did I go about leaving it? Well, in answer to the question why I got into communism, how I got there - I think I've already said as much as I need to say about that here. I began talking about how I left, because the whole procedure of leaving went on for a long time, and I'm going to be talking about it for a long time still. I completely missed out the whole issue of how I was able to remain a communist. It's understandable that I missed this out because it was perfectly obvious that I would remain a communist. The thing that repelled us from communism, shocked and hurt us was hard to understand, but the fact that we were involved in it was completely obvious. Firstly, because this is a social mechanism. You belong to something, you fight for it and the harder you have to fight, the more important the thing you're fighting for becomes, and it's obvious that this is how it is. What's more, in the specific vision of the world presented by communism of us and them, we are the good, we are the meaning of the world, we are going to bring complete freedom to people from all the things that evil. Obviously, in this way, no holds are barred and the enemy is evil personified and everything he says is wrong. This is a vision of the world that is hermetically sealed against any other rationale. Nevertheless, the obvious fact that we were here in this movement imposed itself hugely. All of my friends from the Party, the ZMP activists with whom I co-operated, the poor living in Warsaw or children from peasant families, all lived in conditions of terrible poverty. The wages paid by the Party were incredibly low, and people worked virtually 24 hours. The housing situation was very bad, although accommodation was being built all the time; I can remember how many houses were built in Lwów in my lifetime. I saw one as it was being built slowly. Yet here, before my eyes, one house after the other was being put up. People talked of the Warsaw tempo. They lived in dire poverty but they knew very well that things were still a lot better than they had been before the war. To me this point of view was very clear. I could myself recall the poverty from before the war because my father used to point it out to me. I used to live next to a hut for the unemployed, and I never saw that kind of poverty after the war. The kind of poverty I witnessed in the village in the mountains where my aunt lived and where I spent the war years, I never saw again after the war. Because suddenly, there were books, loads of cheap books for everyone. Literary classics were being published for a few pennies, literally for a few pennies. Our isolation from the West played an important role here. We didn't realise that contemporary capitalism was completely different from the one we remembered. But that's how it was, and this was the reality that we were here and not somewhere else. Like I said, life was very difficult and things were getting worse not better. We lacked meat, butter, food rationing was re-introduced. We used to join the queues and write reports on what people were saying. We would write the truth, people were saying terrible things. My colleagues, all of whom were a lot older than I was, realised that this was the truth about life. It was very painful, very painful. In this set-up, anger was rising, wild anger. The aggression was directed at careerists, speculators, private entrepreneurs, everyone who was rich; I think it was the same phenomenon that I suspect played an important role for the beatniks, being expressed here in this way. We were making sacrifices, we were working hard, and I think that this was, here was the place where this terrible system had its beginnings, a system which later got its hands on all kinds of material goods keeping us in poverty and with a sense that the whole burden rested on us. At the same time, even this organisation, even the way we knew it, was no longer what it had been because that movement was dying. Initially, it had undoubtedly been a movement but then it began to shrink, overwhelmed by administration, and we could feel this and we knew it was so.

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