6. Ribozyme | RNA World Hypothesis Explained | The RNA with Superpowers скачать в хорошем качестве

6. Ribozyme | RNA World Hypothesis Explained | The RNA with Superpowers

This video is the part of playlist:    • Enzyme   In this video tutorial, I am discussing about classification of enzymes Link to download PDF notes of this video: https://drive.google.com/file/d/13UO-... ************************************** Link of Next video:    • 7. Active Site of Enzymes | Concept E...   Link of previous video:    • 5. Cofactor, Coenzyme, Cosubstrate, P...   ************************************** Alternative Titles/tags ribozyme, ribozyme biochemistry, ribozymes and abzymes, ribozyme function, ribozyme technology, ribozyme enzyme, antisense and ribozyme technology, ribozyme and abzyme, ribozyme and its types, biochemistry of ribozyme, ribozyme biochemistry in hindi, ribozyme band, concept of ribozyme, ribozyme drops, ribozyme fertilizer, ribozyme mediated gene silencing, ribozyme hindi, hammerhead ribozyme, hairpin ribozyme, ribozyme kya hai, ribozyme kya hota hai, ribozyme kya hai vyakhya kijiye, ribozyme technology in hindi, ribozyme mechanism, ribozyme molecular biology, hammerhead ribozyme mechanism, ribozyme notes, structure of ribozyme, types of ribozyme, overview of ribozyme technology, rna structure of ribozyme, ribozyme structure, ribozyme types, what is ribozyme, ribozyme kya hai vyakhya karen, ribozymes, concept of ribozymes, structure of ribozymes ************************************** What is a Ribozyme? • Some RNA molecules can act like enzymes — they help speed up chemical reactions in the body. These special RNA molecules are called ribozymes. History and Discovery of Ribozymes • Before the 1980s, scientists believed that only proteins could act as enzymes and carry out catalysis (speeding up reactions). It was thought that RNA's only job was to store and transfer genetic information. • This belief changed in the early 1980s thanks to the independent work of two scientists: o Thomas Cech, who worked at the University of Colorado Boulder o Sidney Altman, who was a professor at Yale University • Thomas Cech was studying ribosomal RNA processing, while Sidney Altman was studying tRNA processing. Both researchers found that RNA molecules themselves can act as catalysts — without needing any proteins. This was a ground-breaking discovery. • For their contributions, both Cech and Altman were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1989. Their work proved that RNA can have enzymatic activity — a major breakthrough in molecular biology. Examples: 1. Ribonuclease P (RNase P) • This enzyme helps cut larger precursor tRNA molecules into their mature, functional tRNA forms. • RNase P is made up of RNA and protein. Altman showed that even if the protein part is removed, the RNA part alone can still carry out the reaction. This proved that the RNA component is both necessary and sufficient for catalysis — in other words, the RNA does the actual enzymatic work. 2. The Ribosome • Another important example of a ribozyme is the ribosome — the cell’s protein factory. • The ribosome is made of both RNA and proteins. However, the key chemical reactions (like forming peptide bonds between amino acids) are carried out by the RNA part of the ribosome. This means the ribosome itself is also a ribozyme. The RNA World Hypothesis Before the discovery of ribozymes, scientists were divided on what came first in evolution: • One group believed proteins came first, because proteins perform most catalytic functions in the cell. • The other group believed nucleic acids (like RNA or DNA) came first, because they store genetic information. This created a "chicken-and-egg" problem: • Proteins are needed to make nucleic acids. • But nucleic acids are needed to store the instructions to make proteins. The discovery that RNA can act both as genetic material and as an enzyme solved this puzzle. This led to the idea of the RNA World Hypothesis — the belief that RNA was the first major molecule in the origin of life. RNA could have both stored information and catalysed important reactions needed for life to begin. Conclusion So, in summary: • Ribozymes are RNA molecules that act as enzymes. • They challenged the long-standing belief that only proteins could be enzymes. • Their discovery played a key role in developing the RNA World Hypothesis — the idea that life may have started with RNA. **************************************************** Index: 00:00 - History 02:00 - Examples 03:30 - RNA World Hypothesis #biochemistry #neet #mbbs #csirnet #usmle #enzyme #catalysis #Ribozyme #CatalyticRNA #RNA #MolecularBiology #Biochemistry #RNAWorldHypothesis #Enzymes #NonProteinEnzymes