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Haemophilus influenza

قناة متخصصة لشرح مادة microbiology and immunology لجميع طلبة الكليات العملية #Haemophilus This video will teach you everything important about HAEMOPHILUS and it’s microbiology. It’s morphology, transmission, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Haemophilus: Morphology, Cultural characters, virulence factors, disease, Treatment and prevention Morphology: H. influenzae is gram-negative cocco-bacill . Some strains of H. influenza are capsulated while others are unencapsulated (non-typeable). Capsulated strains can be classified into 6 types (a-f), depending on the capsular polysaccharide. H. influenza type b (Hib) is the most pathogenic Cultural characters: H. influenzae: Require certain growth factors present in blood (haemophilic) for their growth. These growth factors are X factor (haematin) and V factor (NAD). They grow well on chocolate agar (heated blood) which provides X factor (haematin) and V factor (NAD) that are essential for their growth It is observed that, H. influenza can grow on blood agar if the source of V factor is provided” Satellitism phenomenon” Diseases caused by Haemophilus influenza Two patterns of disease are attributed to H. influenza: (I) Invasive disease caused by capsulated strains mainly type b (Hib): 1. Meningitis: N.B.: The three major causes of bacterial meningitis are H. influenza, S. pneumonia, and N. meningitides. 2. Epiglottitis, 3. Septic arthritis, 4. Pneumonia, 5. Cellulitis 6. Bacteremia II) Non-invasive diseases (Localized infection) caused by non-capsulated strains (1) Otitis media with effusion (middle ear infections). (2) Sinusitis. N.B. H influenzae, mostly nontypeable, and pneumococci are two of the most common etiologic agents of bacterial otitis media and acute sinusitis (3) Conjunctivitis (4) Non capsulated strains may cause pneumonia and bacteraemia in adults in presence of Treatment: Ceftriaxone is the treatment of choice for meningitis or other serious systemic infections caused by H. influenza predisposing factors e.g. viral infections, obstructive lung disease, malignancy or old age Prevention: Haemophilus b conjugated (Hib) vaccines containing the capsular polysaccharide conjugated to a carrier protein is recommended for children at 2, 4, 6 months and at 12-15 months. The vaccine has reduced the incidence of meningitis caused by this organism by 90% in immunized children. The vaccine may be given in combination with DTP i.e.DTPH. #medicalmicrobiology #Hinfluenza