Multiple Sclerosis | Etiology, Pathophysiology, Types of MS, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment скачать в хорошем качестве

Multiple Sclerosis | Etiology, Pathophysiology, Types of MS, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment

Official Ninja Nerd Website: https://ninjanerd.org Ninja Nerds! In this neuropathology lecture, Professor Zach Murphy presents on Multiple Sclerosis (MS)—a chronic, immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. This high-yield lecture helps you understand the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options for one of the most commonly tested and clinically encountered neurologic disorders in young adults. We begin by examining the underlying autoimmune mechanism, in which autoreactive T-cells and inflammatory cytokines attack myelin in the brain and spinal cord, leading to disruption of signal conduction. The lecture covers the classic subtypes of MS, including relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive, primary progressive, and progressive-relapsing, and explains how these forms influence disease course and prognosis. You’ll learn hallmark clinical features such as optic neuritis, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, Lhermitte’s sign, motor and sensory disturbances, bladder dysfunction, and fatigue, along with how these correlate to CNS lesion locations. We also walk through the diagnostic approach using MRI findings, CSF analysis with oligoclonal bands, and the McDonald criteria to confirm dissemination in time and space. Treatment strategies are outlined clearly, from managing acute relapses with IV corticosteroids to long-term disease-modifying therapies such as beta-interferons, glatiramer acetate, monoclonal antibodies, and newer oral agents. We also touch on symptomatic management, including spasticity, neuropathic pain, and urinary symptoms. Enjoy the lecture and support us below! Table of Contents: 0:00 Lab 0:26 Etiology and Pathophysiology 16:00 Types of MS 20:21 Clinical Features 42:14 Diagnosis 47:56 Treatment 51:15 Prevention 53:48 Comment, Like, SUBSCRIBE! 🌐 Official Links Website: https://www.ninjanerd.org Podcast: https://podcast.ninjanerd.org Store: https://merch.ninjanerd.org 📱 Social Media   / ninjanerdlectures     / ninjanerdlectures     / ninjanerdlectures   https://x.com/ninjanerdsci/   / ninja-nerd   💬 Join Our Community Discord:   / discord   #ninjanerd #multiplesclerosis #MS