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French Nuclear Doctrine Explained

A discussion of French nuclear doctrine. Why does France have nukes? What good do the French think they do? Who were the "Four Generals of the Apocalypse"? If you like this video, please consider making a donation using the "thanks" button or buying me some coffee, so to speak, here: https://buymeacoffee.com/shurkin The leading French expert on nuclear doctrine is Bruno Tertrais. If you can read his work, do so. If he says something that contradicts what I said, go with him. Tertrais: https://amzn.to/42ioNof Here's Beaufre's Introduction to Strategy: Amazon France: https://amzn.to/4cdMwu5 Amazon US: https://amzn.to/3EeEXXw My introduction to Beaufre: https://warontherocks.com/2020/10/gra... Who am I? Former CIA analyst, former RAND Senior Political Scientist, Currently Director of Global Programs at 14 North Strategies and RUSI Associate Fellow. Yale History Ph.D. Check out my substack etc. https://shurkin.substack.com/   / michaelshurkin   https://bsky.app/profile/michaelshurk...   / michael-shurkin-ph-d-1397641a   And my website: https://www.michaelshurkin.com/ My favorite books on war (Affiliate links) Svetlana Alexievitch, “The Unwomanly Face of War: An Oral History of Women in World War II.” https://amzn.to/3GyeDIV Haruko Taya Cook, Japan at War: An Oral History, https://amzn.to/42Dpo5j. Vasily Grossman, "Life and Fate." https://amzn.to/4gRzFz6 Robert Heinlein, "Starship Troopers", https://amzn.to/406gqfA Ernst Jünger, “Storm of Steel”, https://amzn.to/4lWmyji Ahmadou Kourouma, "Allah is not obliged." https://amzn.to/3PaEfwj Robert Leckie, “Helmet for my Pillow: From Paris Island to the Pacific,” https://amzn.to/3YrmWwe Väinö Linna, "Unknown Soldiers." https://amzn.to/41Rnazm Jonathan Littell, "Les Bienveillantes, or The Kindly Ones." In French: https://amzn.to/4a0BY0A In English: https://amzn.to/49VEhSh Erich Maria Remarque, "All Quiet on the Western Front." https://amzn.to/4iRvnJB Pierre Schoendoerffer, "La 317e Section." https://amzn.to/40dmvG3 E.B. Sledge, With the Old Breed: At Peleliu and Okinawa. https://amzn.to/4iSkBlu 00:00 Intro 00:38 Origins and history of France's nuclear program 04:23 Why have nukes? 05:03 Five historical experiences motivating France to get nuclear weapons 08:28 Kennedy's "Flexible Response" doctrine 09:51 Lessons France took from its experiences of 1940s-1950s 10:45 Strategic autonomy 11:44 How France achieved strategic autonomy with its nuclear program 12:21 The importance of nuclear capabilities for French defense policy and industry 13:20 The Four Generals of the Apocalypse 15:55 Key Points of French Nuclear doctrine 20:30 Does France having nukes destabilize the nuclear balance between the two super powers? 23:30 French doctrine and tactical nuclear weapons 25:12 Tension between French doctrine and French calls for a European defense 26:50 Benefits for France of having nuclear weapons 27:34 Does it matter that France has nukes? Does it really deter anyone? 28:21 It all depends on whether one can trust the United States