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Many are blissfully unaware of the undercurrents of history that determined their theological tradition. The victors not only write the history, they assimilate the history/theology of others they conquer. Rome was notorious for doing so with the Greeks, the Persians, the Egyptians, and the Jews. Under Pax Romana Jesus was crucified, Galilee conquered, and the Jerusalem Temple destroyed Rome's Victories were given a theological narrative of justification for their actions and their victory over the Jewish resistance. With the victory of the Roman Empire over the Jewish revolts the original political messianic nationalist (Israel) movement of Jewish resistance (including the Jesus movement) was transformed into a theological spiritual internationalist (Church) movement. The Roman Church replaced Israel because of the Roman Empires victory and annihilation of the Jewish nation. Who converted whom? In myth the Galilean conquered Rome. In history it was was Rome that conquered Galilee and crushed the Jewish Messianic Resistance. Only Paul's mystical Jesus disconnected from history could survive and adapt to Pax Romana. How a political resistant Jewish Messiah was transformed into a Hellenistic god supporting the Roman empire. "Christianity both admits and subverts the Historical Jesus." John Dominic Crossan 1) Good News to the Poor: Blessed are you who are poor, for yours is the kingdom of God. But woe to you who are rich The Jewish revolution cleansed the Temple of sacrifices for Rome and Caesar and destroyed the debts of the money of the lenders and burned the Herodian palaces. God's Kingdom and The Poor - Liberty, Debt Forgiveness, Jubilee Josephus on the Jewish Revolt and The Temple cleansing: "they abolished the sacrifices offered for Rome and Caesar" "they took fire to the record office, eager to destroy the money-lenders bonds and so make impossible the recovery of debts" "No one can serve two masters" 2) The Jewish Crowds support for Jesus. He was feared by the Roman masters and the collaborators (High priests, Herodians, the Rich) During the light(the day) he could not be arrested he had popular Jewish support. Hour of Darkness could only be arrested at night. 3) Numbered with the transgressors (the crucified rebels and revolutionaries) He said to them, “But now if you have a purse, take it, and also a bag; and if you don’t have a sword, sell your cloak and buy one. It is written: ‘And he was numbered with the transgressors; and I tell you that this must be fulfilled in me. Yes, what is written about me is reaching its fulfillment.” The disciples said, “See, Lord, here are two swords.” “That’s enough!” he replied. 4) The Mount of Olives - Location of eschatological meaning and resistance Time and Place is key "Am I leading a Rebellion" “Am I leading a rebellion, that you have come with swords and clubs? Swords and Tumult at the Mount of Olives: When Jesus’ followers saw what was going to happen, they said, “Lord, should we strike with our swords?” And one of them struck the servant of the high priest, cutting off his right ear. 5) Restoring the Kingdom of Israel: Jesus said to them, “The kings of the Gentiles lord it over them; and those who exercise authority over them call themselves Benefactors. But you are not to be like that. And I confer on you a kingdom, just as my Father conferred one on me, so that you may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom and sit on thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel." Then they gathered around him and asked him, “Lord, are you at this time going to restore the kingdom to Israel?” (Luke-Acts) He claims to be a King and opposes Caesar: Then the whole assembly rose and led him off to Pilate. 2 And they began to accuse him, saying, “We have found this man subverting our nation. He opposes payment of taxes to Caesar and claims to be Messiah, a king.” So Pilate asked Jesus, “Are you the king of the Jews?” “You have said so,” Jesus replied. Pilate called together the chief priests, the rulers and the people, and said to them, “You brought me this man as one who was inciting the people to rebellion." “Judas the Galilean was the author of the fourth branch of Jewish philosophy . . . who, taking with him Zadok, a Pharisee, became zealous to draw [the jewish people] to a revolt. Both said that this taxation was no better than an introduction to slavery, and exhorted the nation to assert their liberty.” (Josephus, Jewish Antiquities) When the Zealots took over the Temple they went after the same enemies of Jesus and James and they went after the money lenders records destroying them and promoted good news to the poor and liberty of debts. Under the Shade of Empire. All roads lead to Rome. Cuius regio eius religio