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Parental Care | Animal Behaviour & Theories The video provides a technical breakdown of Parental Care, covering evolutionary paradoxes, life history trade-offs, and specific behavioral theories relevant to CSIR NET and academic zoology. [00:01] Introduction to Ethology Brief overview of Animal Behaviour (Ethology) as the scientific study of animal conduct. [00:36] Definition of Parental Care Explaining the evolutionary strategy where parents invest resources to boost offspring survival at a personal reproductive cost. [02:03] The Evolutionary Paradox Analysis of why parental care is not universal, citing energy costs, predation risks, and opportunity costs. [03:53] Minimum vs. Extended Care Distinguishing between basic nutritional investment (egg yolk) and complex behaviors like guarding, nesting, and teaching. [05:36] Lack’s Hypothesis & Cost of Reproduction Deep dive into David Lack’s theory on the energetic limits of brood size and its impact on adult survival. [08:40] r/K Selection Theory Comparison between r-strategists (many offspring, low care) and K-strategists (few offspring, high care). [10:45] Trivers’ Parental Investment Theory How differential investment leads to sexual selection and "choosier" sexes. [13:21] Hamilton’s Rule & Kin Selection Mathematical approach (rb c) to understanding why animals prioritize care for genetic relatives. [15:50] Parent-Offspring Conflict The genetic asymmetry leading to weaning conflicts where offspring demand more than parents should provide. [16:50] Evolutionary Stable Strategy (ESS) Modeling the decision between providing care versus deserting to seek new mates. [17:53] Types of Care Across Taxa Breakdown of Maternal, Paternal, Biparental, and Alloparental care in fish, amphibians, birds, and mammals. [20:21] Brood Parasitism Analysis of the "anti-parental" strategy used by species like Cuckoos to avoid care costs. [21:29] Case Study: African Elephants Detailed observation of elephant maternal care, sex differences in calves, and the role of allomothering. [23:33] Summary of Major Theories Consolidated review of Lack, Trivers, Hamilton, and ESS theories discussed in the lecture. • Parental Care | Animal Behaviour | Zoolo... In this lecture on Animal Behaviour (Ethology), we cover Parental Care in a complete, concept-driven, and exam-oriented manner. This class is specially designed for CSIR NET Life Sciences, DBT, GATE, UPPSC / UPHESC Assistant Professor, B.Sc / M.Sc Zoology students. 🔍 Topics Covered in This Video ✔ Definition and evolutionary significance of parental care ✔ Types of parental care (maternal, paternal, biparental, alloparental) ✔ Lack’s hypothesis and cost of reproduction ✔ Trivers’ Parental Investment Theory ✔ Hamilton’s Rule and kin selection ✔ Parent–offspring conflict and weaning conflict ✔ r/K selection theory and life-history trade-offs ✔ Evolutionarily Stable Strategies (ESS) ✔ Brood parasitism ✔ Parental care across animal taxa ✔ Case study: African elephants and allomothering 📌 This lecture builds strong conceptual foundations and links all major theories frequently asked in CSIR NET, DBT, and university exams. 🎯 Useful For: B.Sc | M.Sc | CSIR NET | DBT | GATE | SET | PhD Entrance | Assistant Professor Exams 📢 Next Class: Parental Investment & Parent–Offspring Conflict (Advanced Concepts) 👉 Like | Share | Subscribe for complete Animal Behaviour playlist --- 🔖 #animalbehaviour #parentalcare #csirnet #csirnetzoology #lifesciences #ethology #zoology #parentalinvestment #trivers #hamiltonsrule #kinselection #lackshypothesis #costofreproduction #parentoffspringconflict #weaningconflict #allomothering #biparentalcare #maternalcare #paternalcare #broodparasitism #rselection #kselection #evolutionarybiology #ecology #behaviouralecology #animalscience #bsczoology #msczoology #phdentrance #assistantprofessor #uphesc #uppscassistantprofessor #dbtbet #gatebiology #netlifescience #comparativezoology #animalecology #evolution #naturalselection #inclusivefitness #fitnesstradeoff #lifestrategy #behaviour #socialbehaviour #animalpsychology #learningbehaviour #examoriented #conceptbasedlearning #biologylecture #onlinebiology #netpreparation #indianexams #biologyeducation #academiabio