Betty Neuman’s Systems Model of Nursing (Metaparadigm) скачать в хорошем качестве

Betty Neuman’s Systems Model of Nursing (Metaparadigm)

Betty Neuman’s Systems Model views the person as an open system that continuously interacts with internal and external environmental stressors. The individual system consists of physiological, psychological, sociocultural, developmental, and spiritual variables. According to Neuman, stressors (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and Extrapersonal) can disturb the system’s stability. To protect the system, the person has lines of defense (flexible and normal) and lines of resistance. When stressors break through these defenses, illness occurs. The goal of nursing is to maintain or restore system stability by using primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Nursing interventions focus on reducing stressors, strengthening defenses, and promoting optimal wellness.