Achalasia: Pathophysiology, Clinical Evaluation, and Management Strategies скачать в хорошем качестве

Achalasia: Pathophysiology, Clinical Evaluation, and Management Strategies

Achalasia is a rare medical condition defined by the esophagus’s inability to move food into the stomach because the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax. This disorder results from the degeneration of nerves within the esophageal wall, leading to symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, regurgitation, and significant weight loss. To confirm a diagnosis, clinicians typically utilise esophageal manometry, which is considered the gold standard, alongside barium swallow tests and endoscopic evaluations. While the exact cause remains uncertain, research suggests potential links to autoimmune responses, viral infections, or genetic factors. Management focuses on reducing sphincter pressure through various methods, including pharmacological therapy, botulinum toxin injections, or more permanent surgical interventions like the Heller myotomy. Early detection and tailored treatment plans are essential, as the effectiveness of these therapies can vary based on the specific subtype of the disease.