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Land, Chemical and Waste Conventions (ECO-G2.43)

#UPSCEnvironment #EnvironmentalScience #EnvironmentAndEcology | Land, Chemical and Waste Conventions: [1. UNCCD (Desertification): Rio Convention, Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) target, COP14 (New Delhi), Drought Initiative, Great Green Wall, 2. Basel Convention: Transboundary movement of hazardous waste, Prior Informed Consent, Ban Amendment (No OECD to non-OECD export), Plastic waste amendments, 3. Rotterdam Convention: PIC procedure for hazardous chemicals/pesticides in international trade, Annex III listings, Asbestos debate, 4. Stockholm Convention (POPs): The "Dirty Dozen", Annex A/B/C, New POPs (PFOS, PFOA), Review Committee (POPRC), National Implementation Plans, 5. Minamata Convention: Mercury regulation, Phase-out of products (thermometers, batteries), ASGM (Artisanal mining) control, India’s ratification, 6. Synergies Process: BRS Conventions (Basel, Rotterdam, Stockholm) joint secretariat, Coordinated implementation, 7. SAICM: Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management, Beyond 2020 framework, Sound management of chemicals, 8. Global Plastic Treaty: UNEA Resolution 5/14, INC negotiations, Legally binding instrument on plastic pollution (Lifecycle approach)]