Serotonin: Ancient Light Sensor To Human Neurotransmitter (Azmitia, 2001 & 2009 VIII) скачать в хорошем качестве

Serotonin: Ancient Light Sensor To Human Neurotransmitter (Azmitia, 2001 & 2009 VIII)

I. The Evolutionary Roots Of Serotonin Serotonin existed in plants before animals appeared. It may be tied to the evolution of life itself. Tryptophan is a precursor molecule for serotonin. This amino acid has unique light absorbing properties. Indole rings in tryptophan capture light energy. Tryptophan absorbs light for glucose metabolism. This process helps generate oxygen and cofactors. Serotonin directs growth toward light sources. Auxin is a tryptophan derivative for plant movement. Tryptophan is converted to auxin to move leaves. II. The Shift To Animal Biology Animals lost the ability to synthesize tryptophan. They must obtain this essential amino acid from diet. Serotonin levels dropped as animals evolved. Receptors emerged to manage low serotonin levels. Tryptophan is conserved during circulation in the body. Serotonin is found in nearly all living organisms. It acts as a homeostatic regulator for life. Mast cells produce serotonin in peripheral tissues. Serotonin regulates cell proliferation and migration. It influences maturation in lung and kidney cells. III. Receptor Diversity And Development 5-HT receptors diversified with vertebrates. 5-HT2B receptors regulate heart development. They also influence bone marrow stem cells. The Htr2b gene is linked to the proteasome gene. This genetic link appeared in pre-vertebrates. Selective pressure kept these genes associated. 5-HT2B may be the ancestor of the 5-HT2 family. Receptors appear early in embryonic development. 5-HT2B receptors help form the pharyngeal arch. Serotonin affects neural crest cell differentiation. IV. Brain Plasticity And Function Serotonin regulates cell proliferation and migration. 5-HT1A receptors promote cellular differentiation. These receptors are associated with intracellular stability. 5-HT1A activation can halt cell proliferation. 5-HT2A receptors encourage cell proliferation. They destabilize the cytoskeleton to aid growth. These two receptors act as opposing forces in the brain. 5-HT1A receptors develop early in the CNS. 5-HT2A receptors develop more slowly in the brain. Dynamic interactions provide insights into disorders. V. Sunlight Mood And Mental Health Sunlight directly impacts brain serotonin levels. Light therapy treats Seasonal Affective Disorder. Blue light aids tryptophan absorption in plants. Blue light is effective for treating depression. Serotonin turnover is lowest during the winter. Light therapy can normalize serotonin transport. Serotonin loss is linked to suicide and depression. Mood improves with exposure to increased luminosity. Light therapy relieves suicidal ideation in SAD. Humans retain an evolutionary link to light. VI. Additional Resource Support See NourishED RFI's NotebookLM Resource Support Page. https://notebooklm.google.com/noteboo... VII. Source Azmitia, E. C. (2001). Modern views on an ancient chemical: Serotonin effects on cell proliferation, maturation, and apoptosis. Brain Research Bulletin, 56(5), 413–424. Azmitia, E. C. (2010). Evolution of serotonin: Sunlight to suicide. In C. P. Muller & B. L. Jacobs (Eds.), Handbook of Behavioral Neurobiology of Serotonin (pp. 3–22). Elsevier. #Serotonin #Neuroscience #Evolution #MentalHealth #LightTherapy #Tryptophan #BrainHealth #SAD #Depression #Biology #psychedelicresearch #psychedelicscience ‪@NIMHgov‬ ‪@NIHgov‬ ‪@NIHVideoCast‬ ‪@nunmedu‬ ‪@BBRFoundation‬ ‪@NIH_NCCIH‬ ‪@TheAPAVideo‬ ‪@AmericanPsychiatricAssociation‬ ‪@PsychedelicsToday‬ ‪@PortlandPsychedelicSociety‬ ‪@YalePsychiatry‬ ‪@yalepsychedelicsciencegrou9534‬ ‪@OxfordPsychedelicSociety‬ ‪@stanfordpsychedelicscience12‬ ‪@mghcenterfortheneuroscienc28‬ ‪@UCBCSP‬ ‪@ThePsychedelicScientist‬ ‪@psykedeliskvetenskap‬