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Serotonin Evolution: From Sunlight To Human Mood (Azmitia, 2009)

I. The Ancient Evolutionary History Of Serotonin Serotonin is found in nearly every living organism on Earth. It exists in fungi, plants, and animals. This chemical evolved phylogenetically before neurons appeared. Its history dates back nearly 3 billion years to unicellular life. Serotonin synthesis requires oxygen and photosynthesis. Early Earth atmosphere had little oxygen for this process. The pathway was conserved from cyanobacteria to humans. Its function in the brain aligns with this evolutionary history. II. Tryptophan And The Physics Of Light Absorption The evolution of serotonin begins with its precursor tryptophan. Tryptophan contains an indole ring rich in electrons. This structure allows it to absorb light efficiently. It has the highest fluorescence yield of aromatic amino acids. Tryptophan absorbs UV light and emits fluorescence. This light capture is essential for driving photosynthesis. The process converts solar energy into biological energy. It helps convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. III. From Photosynthesis To Biological Energy Plants use tryptophan in chloroplasts to capture light. Chloroplasts contain genes required for tryptophan synthesis. Blue light absorption leads to the excitation of the indole ring. This excitation causes the loss of an electron. The electron transfer occurs at extremely rapid rates. This mechanism is the most important biochemical process on Earth. It drives the biological evolution of aerobic organisms. Tryptophan also protects DNA by filtering harmful UV radiation. IV. Implications For Human Mood And Mental Health Serotonin acts as a homeostatic regulator in the human brain. It integrates the mind and body with the outside world. This role is consistent with its origins in sensing light. Sunlight exposure directly affects serotonin levels in humans. Blue light is effective for treating seasonal affective disorder. This spectrum of light is also central to plant photosynthesis. Serotonin influences mood, sleep, and suicide ideation. It determines the quality and quantity of human life. V. Additional Resource Support See NourishED RFI's NotebookLM Resource Support Page. https://notebooklm.google.com/noteboo... VI. Source Azmitia, E. C. (2009). Evolution of serotonin: Sunlight to suicide. In C. Muller & B. Jacobs (Eds.), Handbook of behavioral neurobiology of serotonin (pp. 3-22). Elsevier. #serotonin #evolutionarybiology #neuroscience #mentalhealth #photobiology #tryptophan #seasonalaffectivedisorder #moodregulation #biochemistry #photosynthesis #brainhealth #scienceeducation #bluelight #physiology #homeostasis ‪@NIMHgov‬ ‪@NIHgov‬ ‪@NIHVideoCast‬ ‪@nunmedu‬ ‪@BBRFoundation‬ ‪@NIH_NCCIH‬ ‪@TheAPAVideo‬ ‪@AmericanPsychiatricAssociation‬ ‪@PsychedelicsToday‬ ‪@psychedelicsupport‬ ‪@Psychopharmacologyinstitute‬ ‪@ThePsychedelicScientist‬ ‪@naropaallianceforpsychedel7015‬