Historical background (part1) The Company rule[1773-1858] скачать в хорошем качестве

Historical background (part1) The Company rule[1773-1858]

Historical Evolution of the Indian Constitution There are various layers in the background of the Indian Constitution: Regulating Act 1773 Pitt’s India Act 1784 Charter Act of 1813 Charter Act of 1833 Charter Act of 1853 Government of India Act 1858 Indian Councils Act 1861 India Councils Act 1892 Morley-Minto Reforms 1909 Montague-Chelmsford Reforms 1919 Government of India Act 1935 Indian Independence Act 1947 These acts were in some way instrumental in the development of the Indian Constitution. Download the compilation of topic-wise UPSC prelims questions PDF from the linked article. History of Indian Constitution – Regulating Act 1773 The first time the British Parliament resorted to regulating the affairs of the East India Company. The Governor of Bengal was made the Governor-General of Bengal (Warren Hastings). An Executive Council of the Governor-General was created with 4 members. Centralised the administration with the Presidencies of Madras and Bombay being made subordinate to the Bengal Presidency. Supreme Court was established at Calcutta as the Apex Court in 1774. Prohibited company officials from engaging in private trade and from accepting gifts from Indians. Read more about Regulating Act 1773 as an important act in the History of the Indian Constitution, at the linked article. History of Indian Constitution – Pitt’s India Act 1784 Commercial and political functions of the company are separated. The Court of Directors managed the commercial activities while the Board of Control managed political affairs. The company territories in India were called ‘British possessions in India’. Governor’s Councils were set up in Madras and Bombay as well. Read more about Pitt’s India Act 1784 in the linked article. History of Indian Constitution – Charter Act 1813 This act ended the East India Company’s monopoly over trade with India except in tea and opium. Trade with India was open to all British subjects. Read more about the Charter Act 1813 in the linked article. History of Indian Constitution – Charter Act 1833 Governor-General of Bengal was designated the Governor-General of India (Lord William Bentinck). The legislative powers of the Bombay and Madras Presidencies were removed. This act ended the commercial activities of the company and it was transformed into an administrative body. Read more about the Charter Act 1833 in the linked article. History of Indian Constitution – Charter Act 1853 The legislative and executive powers of the Governor-General’s Council were separated. A Central Legislative Council was created of 6 members out of which 4 were appointed by the provisional governments of Madras, Bombay, Agra and Bengal. The Indian civil service was opened as a means to recruit officers for administration through open competition.