2. Placental Development & Hormones: Obstetrics and Gynecology Lecture скачать в хорошем качестве

2. Placental Development & Hormones: Obstetrics and Gynecology Lecture

𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞 𝗙𝐨𝐫 𝗠𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝗜𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐧 𝗛𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐡 👩‍⚕‍ 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝗠𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐧𝐞💉🩺💊 𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐛𝐞 :    / @draishwaryakelkar   📌𝗙𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗯𝗼𝗼𝗸 :   / draishwaryakelkar   📌𝗧𝘄𝗶𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿:   / aishwayadr   📌𝗜𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 :   / clinical.learning   Placental Development & Hormones - ------------------------------------------------------------- The placenta is a vital organ that develops during pregnancy, serving as the interface between the mother and the fetus. It facilitates the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products, while also producing essential hormones that support pregnancy and fetal development. Placental Development - Formation: The placenta begins to form soon after fertilization, with the trophoblast cells of the blastocyst invading the uterine lining to establish the connection between the maternal and fetal circulatory systems. Chorionic Villi: These are finger-like projections that extend into the uterine wall, increasing the surface area for nutrient and gas exchange. Over time, these villi mature and branch out to form the functional units of the placenta. Maternal-Fetal Interface: The placenta embeds into the endometrium, forming a connection where maternal blood flows into the intervillous spaces, allowing for the exchange of substances between maternal and fetal blood without direct mixing. Structure: The placenta consists of the decidua basalis (maternal portion) and the chorion frondosum (fetal portion). The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta, providing a pathway for nutrient-rich and oxygenated blood to reach the fetus. Hormones Produced by the Placenta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG): Early Pregnancy: hCG is produced by the syncytiotrophoblast cells of the placenta shortly after implantation. It maintains the corpus luteum, ensuring the continued production of progesterone and estrogen until the placenta can take over this role. Pregnancy Test: hCG is the hormone detected in pregnancy tests, and its levels double approximately every 48-72 hours during early pregnancy. Progesterone: Uterine Environment: Produced by the placenta after the first trimester, progesterone maintains the uterine lining and inhibits uterine contractions, preventing premature labor. Immune Modulation: Progesterone helps modulate the maternal immune system to prevent rejection of the fetus. Estrogen: Fetal Development: Estrogen produced by the placenta promotes the growth of the uterus, enhances blood flow to the placenta, and stimulates the development of fetal organs. Preparation for Labor: In the later stages of pregnancy, estrogen increases the sensitivity of the uterus to oxytocin, preparing the body for labor. Human Placental Lactogen (hPL): Metabolic Regulation: hPL, also known as human chorionic somatomammotropin, influences maternal metabolism to ensure a steady supply of glucose and amino acids for the fetus. It also promotes the development of mammary glands in preparation for breastfeeding. Relaxin: Softening of Tissues: Relaxin helps to relax the ligaments in the pelvis and soften the cervix, facilitating childbirth. Clinical Significance - Placental Insufficiency: When the placenta fails to provide adequate nutrients and oxygen, it can lead to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and other complications. Placenta Previa and Abruption: Abnormal placental positioning or premature detachment can cause severe bleeding and endanger both mother and fetus. Placental Hormone Disorders: Imbalances in placental hormones can contribute to conditions like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm labor. Conclusion Placental development and hormone production are crucial for a healthy pregnancy. The placenta not only nourishes the fetus but also orchestrates the hormonal environment necessary for pregnancy maintenance and fetal growth. Understanding these processes is essential for managing pregnancy-related complications and ensuring maternal and fetal well-being 🍼🌸. #PlacentalDevelopment #PregnancyHormones #Obstetrics #MaternalHealth #FetalDevelopment #MedicalEducation #FMGEPreparation #NEETPG #USMLE #MedStudent #DoctorLife #Placenta #PregnancyCare #ReproductiveHealth #Endocrinology #PregnancyComplications #ObGyn #Healthcare #MedicalScience #ExamPrep #PregnancyWellness #FetalHealth #PregnancyJourney #Childbirth