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(Note - for regular viewers we will upload separte videos in hindi parallely) This live lecture series is exclusively for B.Sc. students of Sant Gadage Baba Amravati University (SGBAU) as per their syllabus for 4th semester. we will try to cover all your syllabus on this digital plaform. Narrator - 1. Dr. R.S.Mankar (Department of Geology, Arts, Science and Commerce college, Chikhaldara) 2. Nikhil V. Sherekar (Founder Quartz Academy) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- QUARTZ - Academy Exclusive coaching Institute for Earth Sciences provide coaching related to all geology exam IIT-JAM GATE Regular B.Sc Regular M.Sc All University Entrances CSIR-UGC -NET UGC- SET -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Follow our team : Team Quartz Mr. Nikhil V. Sherekar Sir (Founder of Quartz - Academy) M.Sc Geology (University of Pune) NET-CSIR (AIR-99) UGC-JRF (AIR-28) SET PET COC https://chat.whatsapp.com/D1ojc8BncJF... https://t.me/quartzecies ShivGeo, Amravati / nikhil.shere. . / mikiback4u email - nikhilsherekar@outlook.com contact no - 8390377801 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Outliers and Inliers Outliers and inliers are the structural features, created because of the selective erosion of rocks in certain areas, as discussed low : Outliers. An outlier is an isolated patch or outcrop of younger rock, surrounded on all sides by geologically Older rocks. Such a feature may result due to excessive erosion ; or due to garben faulting followed by erosion ; or because of folding in synclinal fashion. In the case of faulted rocks, a graben gives rise to an outlier, where the raised side blocks after. erosion, leave the older underlying beds surrounded by the younger beds of the central valley. In the case of folded rocks, a synclinal hill itself makes an outlier; because, here the outcrop of overlying younger bed is surrounded by the underlying older bed. Inliers. These are the outcrops of older rocks surrounded on sides by younger rocks. They are, thus, the reverse of outliers. They are formed at those places, where erosion process is confined to younger strata, and ultimately succeeds in breaking through them, thereby exposing a part of the lower sequence of older rocks. Valley formation is a common process of erosion, giving rise to inliers. As the valley floor is eroded, the underlying older beds are exposed, with younger ones surrounding them from the valley sides Overlap / Onlap The term overlap is synonymous with onlap. An overlap may be defined as a structural feature, in which every overlying (younger) bed extends, so as to overlap the underlying (older) bed, Overlaps are formed during the deposition of sediments, if the sedimentation basin has sloping margins, as in coastal deposits. Such a structure is typical of sedimentary sequences in expanding basins, where the shorelines migrate towards the centre of the landmass, thus decreasing its surface area. This process is called transgression. Offlap – Offlap is the structure formed where successive wedge-shaped beds do not extend to the margin of the underlying bed but terminate within it. Such a structure is typical of sedimentary sequences in contracting basins, where the shorelines migrate towards the centre of the basin, thus enlarging the land surface. This process is termed as regression. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reference Books: Structural Geology: 1. Bilings, M.P. (1997) Structural Geology. Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 2. Park, R.G. (1989) Foundations of Structural Geology. Blackie, New York. 3. Gokhale, N.W.(2001) Theory of Structural Geology. Blackie, New York. 4. Gokhale, N.W.(1991) A Manual of Problems of Structural Geology. CBS Publishers. 5. Lahi, F.H. (1987) Field Geology, CBS Publishers. 6. Gokhale, N.W. (2001) A Guide to Field Geology. CBS Publishers. 7. Chiplonkar G.W: Geological Maps, Dastane Ramchandra Publication, Pune