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Ciphers (Cryptographic Algorithms)

🔐 Ciphers: Evolution and Mechanics of Cryptographic Algorithms This Wikipedia entry explains that ciphers are specific algorithmic procedures used to transform information through encryption and decryption. While often confused with codes, which replace entire words or phrases using a codebook, ciphers function at the level of individual letters or bits. The text details the evolution of cryptography from ancient manual substitution methods to sophisticated electro-mechanical machines and contemporary digital standards. Modern techniques are categorized by their mathematical structure, specifically whether they utilize symmetric or asymmetric keys and if they process data in blocks or streams. Furthermore, the article notes that the security of these systems is fundamentally tied to the length of the key and the computational power available to an attacker.