Transgenic bacteria | Biotechnology products | class 12 скачать в хорошем качестве

Transgenic bacteria | Biotechnology products | class 12

Aslam o alikum I am Hassam ur Rahman and I am teaching Fsc biology since 2014 .I am always trying to improve myself and provide best lecture to students.i am taking content for the lecture from authentic and relevant sources but human errors are possible . you are requested to please highlight the mistakes.My lectures are equally reliable for Fsc and mdcat students #visiblescience #mdcatbiology #alevelbiology #neetbiology #fscbiology #biotechnologyanditsapplications #biotechnologyprinciplesandprocesses #biotechnology #transgenicbacteria This lecture is about BIOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS Today bacteria, plants and animals are genetically engineered to produce biotechnology products. Organisms that have a foreign gene inserted into them are called transgenic organisms. Transgenic Bacteria Recombinant DNA technology is used to produce bacteria that reproduce in large vats called bioreactors. If the foreign gene is replicated and actively expressed, a large amount of protein product can be obtained. Biotechnology products produced by bacteria, such as insulin, human growth hormone, tissue plasminogen activator, haemophilia factor Vm, and hepatitis B vaccine are now in the market. Transgenic bacteria have been produced to promote health of plants for example, bacteria that normally live on plants and encourage the formation of ice crystals have been changed from frost - plus to frost - minus bacteria. Also, a bacterium that normally colonizes the roots of com plants has now been endowed with genes (from another bacterium) that code for an insect toxin. The toxin protects the roots from insects. Bacteria can be selected for their ability to degrade a particular substance and then this ability can be enhanced by genetic engineering. For instance, naturally occurring bacteria may be engineered to do an even better job of cleaning up beaches after oil spills.Industry has found that bacteria can be used as biofilters to prevent airborne chemical pollutants from being vented into the air. They can also remove sulfur from coal before it is burned and help to clean up toxic waste dumps. One such strain was given genes that allowed it to clean up levels of toxins that would have killed other strains. Further, these bacteria were given “suicide” genes that caused them to self-destruct when the job had been accomplished. Organic chemicals are often synthesized by having catalysts act on precursor molecules or by using bacteria to carry out the synthesis. Today, it is possible to go one step further and to manipulate the genes that code for these enzymes. For instance, biochemists discovered a strain of bacteria that is specially good at producing phenylalanine; an organic chemical needed to make aspartame, the dipeptide sweetener better known as Nutrasweet. They isolated, altered and formed a vector for the appropriate genes so that various bacteria could be genetically engineered to produce pucnylaianine. Many major mining companies already use bacteria to obtain various metals. Genetic engineering may enhance the ability of bacteria to extract copper, uranium and gold from low grade sources. Some mining companies are testing genetically engineered organisms that have improved bioleaching capabilities.