شرح الحساسية المفرطة Anaphylaxis بالتفصيل 💫💯🥇🔥💯🤲🥇 скачать в хорошем качестве

شرح الحساسية المفرطة Anaphylaxis بالتفصيل 💫💯🥇🔥💯🤲🥇

How It Happens: The Mechanism Anaphylaxis is a "systemic" reaction, meaning it affects the entire body. When an allergen enters the system, the immune system overreacts by releasing a flood of chemicals (like histamine) from mast cells and basophils. In technical terms, this is a Type I Hypersensitivity reaction. The sudden release of chemicals causes: Vasodilation: Blood vessels relax and widen, causing blood pressure to drop. Capillary Leakage: Fluid moves from blood vessels into tissues, causing swelling. Bronchoconstriction: Airway muscles tighten, making it hard to breathe. Common Triggers While anything can technically be an allergen, the most frequent culprits include: Signs and Symptoms Symptoms usually appear within minutes, though they can sometimes take an hour or more to manifest. Respiratory: Wheezing, shortness of breath, throat tightness, or a hoarse voice. Cardiovascular: Pale or blue skin, weak pulse, dizziness, or fainting (due to a drop in blood pressure, known as Anaphylactic Shock). Skin/Mucosa: Hives (urticaria), itching, or significant swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat (Angioedema). Gastrointestinal: Severe stomach cramps, vomiting, or diarrhea. Psychological: A "sense of impending doom" or intense anxiety. Emergency Treatment: The "ABC" Approach If you suspect anaphylaxis, the priority is Epinephrine (Adrenaline). Inject Epinephrine: Use an auto-injector (like an EpiPen) into the outer thigh immediately. This reverses the reaction by constricting blood vessels and opening airways. Call Emergency Services: Even if the person feels better, a "biphasic reaction" (a second wave of symptoms) can occur hours later. Positioning: Lay the person flat with their legs elevated to help maintain blood flow to the heart, unless they are vomiting or struggling to breathe. Secondary Meds: In the hospital, doctors may use antihistamines or corticosteroids, but these are not substitutes for epinephrine. Long-term Management Once the immediate crisis is over, management focuses on prevention: Strict Avoidance: Identifying and removing the trigger from the diet or environment. Carry an Auto-injector: Always having two doses of epinephrine available. Action Plan: A written guide for schools, workplaces, and caregivers. Medical Alert Jewelry: A bracelet or necklace to inform first responders of the allergy. Important Note: Antihistamines (like Benadryl) only treat skin symptoms; they do not stop the internal respiratory or cardiovascular collapse during anaphylaxis. Only epinephrine can do