The Main Branches of Green Criminology, Video # 3 скачать в хорошем качестве

The Main Branches of Green Criminology, Video # 3

Green criminology is a field of study that focuses on crimes that harm the environment, non-human animals, and human health. The five main branches of green criminology include: 1. Environmental crime: This branch of green criminology examines the harm caused to the environment through illegal activities such as pollution, deforestation, illegal wildlife trade, and other activities that violate environmental laws. Environmental crime is a complex and multifaceted field encompassing a wide range of unlawful actions that cause harm to the environment (South, 2022). The areas of focus for environmental crime include: 1. Illegal wildlife trade. 2. Illegal logging and deforestation. 3. Illegal fishing. 4. Waste and pollution. 5. Environmental damage. 6. Climate change crimes. These main areas of environmental crime are interconnected and often overlap; nonetheless, they all severely affect the environment, human health, livelihoods, and economies (Hall et al., 2016). 2. Animal crime: This main branch of green criminology focuses on the illegal treatment of non-human animals, including poaching, animal trafficking, animal abuse, and animal testing. Animal crimes are criminal activities that involve animals as victims, and the investigation and prosecution of these cases fall within the purview of animal welfare or animal rights laws. The primary focus of animal crime related to animal welfare or animal rights includes (Smith-Blackmore, 2023): 1. Animal cruelty 2. Animal fighting 3. Wildlife crimes 4. Animal testing 5. Animal hoarding 6. Animal abandonment 7. Animal theft It's important to note that animal welfare and animal rights laws vary in every community, so the definition and scope of animal crimes will differ depending on where they occur (Smith-Blackmore). 3. Ecocide: This branch of green criminology examines the destruction of ecosystems and the environment as a whole, the impact of human activities such as climate change, global warming, and ocean acidification on the natural world. Ecocide is the extensive damage or destruction of an ecosystem or environment, either deliberately or through negligence or ignorance. The term often describes large-scale environmental destruction caused by human activities, such as oil spills, deforestation, and pollution (Dunlap, 2022). Some activists and legal experts have proposed that ecocide should be recognized as an international crime similar to war crimes or genocide. Those responsible for causing or contributing to ecocide should be held accountable under international law. This idea is gaining increasing attention and support, mainly due to the perceived global climate crisis and the urgent need to protect the world's ecosystems and biodiversity. The significant areas of focus for ecocide include: 1. Ecological-systemic ecocide 2. Industrial ecocide 3. Agricultural ecocide 4. Climate ecocide 5. Cultural ecocide (Dunlap). 4. Green victimology: This branch of green criminology explores the impact of environmental crimes on human health, including the health effects of pollution and toxic waste and the displacement of communities due to environmental destruction. Green victimology recognizes that ecological harm can have severe consequences for individuals and groups and seeks to address and prevent these harms. Green victimology considers various environmental damages, including pollution, climate change, natural disasters, and habitat destruction. It aims to understand how these harms impact different groups, such as indigenous peoples, low-income communities, and people living in areas with high levels of pollution (Hamilton, 2021). The main areas of focus in green victimology are: 1. Ecological victimology. 2. Climate victimology 3. Environmental justice victimology 4. Wildlife victimology 5. Environmental justice: This branch of green criminology focuses on the unequal distribution of environmental harms and benefits among different social groups and how environmental degradation disproportionately affects marginalized communities (Hall, 2016). The concept of environmental justice emerged in the United States in the 1980s as a response to the disproportionate impact of environmental pollution and other environmental harms on low-income communities and communities of color. Today, the environmental justice movement has expanded globally and encompasses many environmental issues, including climate change, natural disasters, and biodiversity loss. The campaign addresses these issues through various strategies, such as community organizing, legal action, policy advocacy, and public education (Hall). The main areas of focus in environmental justice are: 1. Environmental racism: 2. Indigenous environmental justice 3. Climate justice 4. Environmental Health 5. Environmental policy (Villa).