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📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:- / drgbhanuprakash 📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- https://t.me/bhanuprakashdr 📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- https://linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash Interauterine Growth Retardaction: Etiology, Types, Clinical features, Diagnosis, Treatment - ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR), also known as Intrauterine Growth Restriction, is a condition where a fetus is smaller than expected for gestational age, usually below the 10th percentile, due to inadequate growth during pregnancy. The etiology of IUGR can be broadly categorized into maternal, placental, and fetal causes. Maternal factors include chronic conditions such as hypertension, preeclampsia, malnutrition, smoking, and substance abuse. Placental factors, such as placental insufficiency, placental abruption, or abnormal placental implantation, can restrict the oxygen and nutrient supply to the fetus. Fetal causes include genetic anomalies, infections (such as TORCH infections), and multiple gestations (twins or triplets). IUGR can be classified into two main types: Symmetrical IUGR and Asymmetrical IUGR. Symmetrical IUGR occurs early in pregnancy and affects all parts of the fetus equally, often due to genetic conditions or early maternal infections. Asymmetrical IUGR, more common and occurring later in pregnancy, is typically due to placental insufficiency, where the body and abdomen lag in growth compared to the head, a phenomenon referred to as "head-sparing." The clinical features of IUGR include a fundal height that is smaller than expected for gestational age, reduced fetal movements, and poor weight gain in the mother. In some cases, oligohydramnios (reduced amniotic fluid) may also be present. Diagnosis is primarily made using ultrasound, which estimates fetal size and weight, compares it with gestational norms, and assesses amniotic fluid levels. Doppler studies of the umbilical artery can further evaluate blood flow to the fetus, helping to assess placental function. Management of IUGR depends on the cause, severity, and gestational age at diagnosis. For mild cases, close monitoring of fetal growth and maternal health through frequent ultrasound scans, fetal movement counts, and non-stress tests (NST) is essential. Bed rest, good nutrition, and proper hydration are often recommended to optimize fetal growth. In more severe cases, particularly when the fetus shows signs of distress or growth stops, early delivery via induction or cesarean section may be necessary to prevent further complications. Complications of untreated IUGR include preterm birth, low birth weight, perinatal asphyxia, and an increased risk of stillbirth. After birth, infants with IUGR are at higher risk for long-term issues such as developmental delays, and metabolic disorders like Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Early detection and management of IUGR are crucial to improve fetal outcomes and ensure healthy development. #iugr #IntrauterineGrowthRestriction #FetalHealth #SymmetricalIUGR #AsymmetricalIUGR #PregnancyCare #PlacentalInsufficiency #UltrasoundDiagnosis #NonStressTest #MaternalHealth #MedicalEducation #MBBS #medicalanimations #fmge #fmgevideos #rapidrevisionfmge #fmge2024 #mbbslectures #nationalexitexam #nationalexittest #neetpg #usmlepreparation #usmlestep1 #fmge #usmle #drgbhanuprakash #medicalstudents #medicalstudent #medicalcollege #neetpg2025 #usmleprep #usmlevideos #usmlestep1videos #medicalstudents #neetpgvideos #usmlestep2videos