Origins of the Black September Organisation | Amman 1 Year After Jordan's Civil War | Sept. 1970/71 скачать в хорошем качестве

Origins of the Black September Organisation | Amman 1 Year After Jordan's Civil War | Sept. 1970/71

September 1970 and 1971. Footage of Amman, capital of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, during the Jordanian Civil War when at it height in September 1970, as well as footage of the city one year later. Reuters Text from 1971: A year ago, civil war flared in Amman as the Palestinian commands and Jordanian troops clashed in their bloodiest showdown. In the twelve-months since this film was shot, the power of the Palestinians has been decisively broken in Jordan. The first anniversary of the outbreak of fighting passed off fairly peacefully on Saturday. At the same time, prospects of reconciliation between the two sides was further hampered by the attempted hijack of a Jordanian airliner and earlier sabotage to an oil pipeline. But there were nevertheless reports of the two sides coming together in Jeddah on the weekend anniversary of the fighting. In Amman, the anniversary passed largely without incident. But a time-bomb was discovered at the luxury Intercontinental Hotel. This was the scene of some of the fiercest fighting last year, as Army troops beat off attacking commandos. In the streets of the city, where armed commandos were once a familiar sight, businessmen and shoppers mingle. But Jordanian troops are still in evidence,. At the Al-Hussein refugee camp, a principal pocket of Palestinian resistance last year, traffic is still checked by soldiers. Aside from the attempted hijack on the eve of the anniversary of the fighting, Jordanian authorities claimed to have found an important arms cache in the home of a member of a commando organisation. Another commando stronghold during last year's fighting was the al-Wahdat refuge camp. But though it's peaceful now, the two sides have a long way to go before they reach a settlement. Source: Reuters News Archive. Note: 1. A showdown between Palestinian Fedayeen and the Jordanian Army was on the cards because of the growth in Palestinian militia power within the Hashemite Kingdom. 2. Jordan, which as Trans-Jordan formed part of Palestine during the mandate era, was, and continues to be ruled by a Hashemite-descended monarchy whose ancestors formed were the custodians of the Holy Cities of the Moslem world in Arabia until they were displaced by the House of Saud. 3. Most of Jordans population is of Palestinian origin, the majority of whose antecedents were refugees from Palestine after the war with Jewish settlers who established the modern state of Israel. The rest are mostly Bedoiun. 4. The power of Palestinian militias grew in Jordan after the Israeli conquest of the West Bank which had been part of Jordan, in 1967. Fedayeen such as Fatah, the organisation led by Yasser Arafat relocated to Jordan to set up bases. The power and prestige of Fatah grew after their fight with the Israeli military during the Battle of Karameh and they effectively became a state-within-a-state. The threat to King Hussein was not implicit, since elements within the Palestinian groups began to openly call for the overthrow of the monarchy. 5. In the ensuing civil war, the Palestinian militias were defeated by the Jordanian Army. It was a short and brutal conflict (albeit that armed engagements continued until the following year), which led to the Palestinian militias relocation to Lebanon. Some Palestinian commandos fled to Israel and surrendered to the Israeli authorities rather than face the wrath of the Jordanian Army. 6. Several peace initiatives including an accord between King Hussein and Yasser Arafat followed. However, the most potent legacy of "Black September" as this episode came to be referred was the establishment of a terrorist militia which bore the name "Black September". The "Black September" Organisation was involved in aircraft hijackings, the assassination of Wasfi Tal, the Jordanian Prime Minister and the hostage-taking-murders of Werstern diplomats in the Saudi Embassy in Khartoum, Sudan and Israeli athletes in Munich, West Germany.