This Vine Replaced an Entire Garden. It Was Banned in 35 States. скачать в хорошем качестве

This Vine Replaced an Entire Garden. It Was Banned in 35 States.

In 1876, Americans fell in love with kudzu—a Japanese vine with fragrant purple flowers and lush green leaves—at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition. For decades, it remained a harmless garden ornament. Then came the Dust Bowl. Desperate to stop catastrophic soil erosion, the U.S. government saw kudzu as a miracle solution. Its fast growth and deep roots seemed perfect for holding soil in place. What followed was one of history's greatest ecological miscalculations. The government distributed 85 million kudzu seedlings, paid farmers $19.75 per hectare to plant it, and deployed the Civilian Conservation Corps to spread it across the South. By 1946, three million acres had been deliberately planted with this foreign vine. But nobody understood what they'd unleashed. In Japan, harsh winters and natural predators kept kudzu in check. The American Southeast offered something different: paradise without limits. Hot summers, mild winters, and zero natural enemies created perfect conditions for explosive growth. The numbers are terrifying. Kudzu grows up to one foot per day, with vines reaching 100 feet long. Its roots extend over 10 feet deep and can weigh 100 pounds, storing enough energy to survive cutting, burning, and herbicides. Cut it back, and it grows faster. Leave any root fragment behind, and it sprouts again. By the 1950s, the "miracle plant" was devouring everything—abandoned farms, forests, telephone poles, even cars. It kills by smothering, climbing over trees and blocking sunlight until entire ecosystems collapse into eerie green monocultures. In 1953, the USDA quietly stopped recommending it. By 1998, Congress declared it a Federal Noxious Weed. Today, kudzu covers over three million acres and expands by 50,000 acres annually. It's been found in 31 states. Economic losses reach hundreds of millions of dollars yearly. Fighting it costs $5,000 per hectare per year—and complete eradication remains essentially impossible. The worst part? Climate change is helping kudzu march northward. It's already reached Maine and Canada. Cities like Chicago and Detroit may one day face the same invasion that's plagued the South for generations. Kudzu stands as the ultimate cautionary tale about tampering with nature without understanding consequences. A fragrant ornamental became a government-sponsored "savior," then transformed into an unstoppable nightmare—a living monument to the hubris of believing we can engineer ecosystems we don't fully understand. 📚 SOURCES: Forseth, I.N. & Innis, A.F. (2004). "Kudzu (Pueraria montana): History, Physiology, and Ecology Combine to Make a Major Ecosystem Threat." Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 23(5): 401-413. Hickman, J.E., Wu, S., Mickley, L.J. & Lerdau, M.T. (2010). "Kudzu (Pueraria montana) invasion doubles emissions of nitric oxide and increases ozone pollution." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(22): 10115-10119. Harron, P., Joshi, O., Edgar, C.B., Paudel, S. & Adhikari, A. (2020). "Predicting Kudzu (Pueraria montana) spread and its economic impacts in timber industry: A case study from Oklahoma." PLoS ONE, 15(3): e0229835. Li, W., Pei, J., Sang, W. & Cui, H. (2011). "Natural and human dimensions of a quasi-wild species: The case of kudzu." Biological Invasions, 13: 2167-2179. Hickman, J.E. & Lerdau, M.T. (2013). "Biogeochemical impacts of the northward expansion of kudzu under climate change: the importance of ecological context." Ecosphere, 4(10): Article 121.