Carbohydrate Metabolism and Associated Clinical Disorders скачать в хорошем качестве

Carbohydrate Metabolism and Associated Clinical Disorders

Carbohydrates serve as essential structural components and the primary energy source for living organisms. The provided text outlines how these molecules are classified into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides, alongside the complex processes of metabolism such as glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Blood sugar levels are strictly maintained through a hormonal balance involving insulin, which lowers glucose, and counter-regulatory hormones like glucagon and epinephrine. When these metabolic pathways or regulatory mechanisms fail, various clinical disorders arise, including diabetes mellitus, lactose intolerance, and galactosemia. Management of these conditions often requires diagnostic testing, such as blood glucose monitoring, and targeted treatments like dietary modifications or medication. Overall, the sources offer a comprehensive look at the biochemical importance of sugars and the physiological consequences of their mismanagement.