Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) | A Superfamily of Enzymes Affecting Drug Metabolism and Interactions скачать в хорошем качестве

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) | A Superfamily of Enzymes Affecting Drug Metabolism and Interactions

Cytochromes P450 (CYP450, CYPs, or P450)) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases. In mammals, these proteins oxidize steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics, and are important for the clearance of various compounds, as well as for hormone synthesis and breakdown. They are also important for the biosynthesis of defensive compounds, fatty acids, and hormones in plants. P450 enzymes have been identified in all kingdoms of life: animals, plants, fungi, protists, bacteria, and archaea, as well as in viruses . In this video we will look at the make up of these enzymes, how they work in the human body and with which drugs they interact. Common cytochrome p450 inducers, inhibitors, and substrates of the primary isozymes mentioned in this article are listed below. CYP1A2: Inhibitors: amiodarone, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, fluvoxamine Inducers: carbamazepine, phenobarbital, rifampin, tobacco Substrates: caffeine, clozapine, theophylline CYP2C9: Inhibitors: amiodarone, fluconazole, fluoxetine, metronidazole, ritonavir, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole Inducers: carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin Substrates: carvedilol, celecoxib, glipizide, ibuprofen, irbesartan, losartan CYP2C19: Inhibitors: fluvoxamine, isoniazid, ritonavir Inducers: carbamazepine, phenytoin, rifampin, Substrates: omeprazole, phenobarbital CYP2D6: Inhibitors: bupropion, duloxetine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, quinidine, ritonavir, sertraline, terbinafine Inducers: none Substrates: amitriptyline, carvedilol, codeine, dextromethorphan, diltiazem, donepezil, haloperidol, metoprolol, nifedipine, ondansetron, oxycodone, propranolol, risperidone, tamoxifen, tramadol CYP2E1: Inhibitors: none Inducers: ethanol (alcohol), isoniazid, tobacco (nicotine) Substrates: acetaminophen, theophylline, verapamil CYP3A4: Inhibitors: amiodarone, amitriptyline, aprepitant, carvedilol, chloramphenicol, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, codeine, donepezil, fluvoxamine, haloperidol, imatinib, ketoconazole, metoprolol, paroxetine, risperidone, ritonavir, tramadol, verapamil Inducers: carbamazepine, griseofulvin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin, St. John’s wort Substrates: alprazolam, amlodipine, buspirone, calcium channel blockers, caffeine, citalopram, clopidogrel, cocaine, cyclosporine, diazepam, erythromycin, estradiol, lidocaine, losartan, many chemotherapeutic drugs, montelukast, quetiapine, sertraline, sildenafil, statin drugs, tacrolimus, warfarin, zolpidem Drug Half-life:    • What is a Drug Half-life (t½)?   Pharmacokinetics:    • What is Pharmacokinetics (PK)? | A look in...   Cytochrome P450:    • Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) | A Superfamily o...   Pharmacodynamics:    • Pharmacodynamics | How drugs affect the body.