History of Persia - Chapter 19: Qajar Dynasty (1789 CE - 1925 CE) скачать в хорошем качестве

History of Persia - Chapter 19: Qajar Dynasty (1789 CE - 1925 CE)

👑⚔️ Welcome back to *History of Persia*! In Chapter 19 we ride into the **Qajar Dynasty (1789–1925)**—court splendor, frontier wars, foreign pressure, bold reforms, and the birth of modern Iranian politics. Expect palaces and smoke over parliament in one century. ✨🏛️ 🧭 *From chaos to a new throne* Agha Mohammad Khan forges a new dynasty, makes *Tehran* his capital, and stitches Iran back together with ruthless speed. But the storm gathers on the northern frontier, where the Caucasus becomes the battlefield of a changing world. 🏔️⚔️ ⚔️ *Wars with Russia & the cost of defeat* Clashes with the Russian Empire reshape borders and memories: the *Treaties of Gulistan (1813)* and *Turkmenchay (1828)* carve away territories, drain the treasury, and prove sovereignty can be lost by signatures as well as swords. 📜🕯️ The tension peaks again in *1829**, when the Russian envoy **Alexander Griboyedov* is killed in Tehran—an incident the Qajar court scrambles to calm before it becomes another war. 🕊️⚖️ 🪖 *Reformers vs reality* Crown Prince *Abbas Mirza* pushes “new order” reforms—drills, uniforms, cannons, and foreign instructors—yet reform keeps crashing into the hard wall of money, logistics, and court politics. Modern armies need modern budgets, and the Qajar state struggles to keep up. 🧾🔧 🌍 *Frontiers that won’t stay quiet* Mohammad Shah’s failed push for *Herat (1837–38)* shows how outside power can block Iran’s ambitions. Another crisis follows in **1856–57**, ending with Iran forced to abandon Herat again. Along the west, border disputes with the Ottomans culminate in the **Treaty of Erzurum (1847)**—a reminder that borders are now negotiated with documents and commissions. 🏰🧭 🌙 *Faith, rebellion, and the Babi upheaval* The mid-1800s bring spiritual shockwaves: the *Babi movement* sparks debate, uprising, and harsh repression. The execution of the Bab and the violent aftermath leave scars—while exile helps new teachings spread beyond Iran’s borders. 🕌🔥 🏛️ *Amir Kabir’s brief blaze* Enter **Amir Kabir**: tighter finances, administrative discipline, and the founding of **Dar al-Funun**—a doorway to modern education. His fall shows how dangerous reform can be when it threatens old power. 🎓🗡️ 🚂📡 *Concessions, technology, and a public awakening* Under **Naser al-Din Shah**, Iran sees telegraphs, photography (yes—royal cameras! 📷), European trips, and controversial deals like the **Reuter concession (1872)**. The court also builds new security tools such as the **Cossack Brigade (1879)**. The era ends with a shock—**his assassination (1896)**—and a louder public question: who pays the price of “modernization”? 💰🧩 🚬✨ *The Tobacco Protest: when society says “NO”* The *1891–92 Tobacco Boycott* proves something new—merchants, clerics, and ordinary people can act together, shut down commerce, and force the court to retreat. It’s not just protest; it’s a rehearsal for revolution. 🛑🤝 🧨📜 *Constitutional Revolution (1905–1911)* Economic pain, foreign leverage, and humiliation ignite the *Constitutional Revolution**: a **Majles (parliament)* is born, rights and limits are debated, and in 1907 foreign powers divide Iran into “spheres.” Then comes the catastrophe—**the 1908 bombardment of the Majles**, resistance in Tabriz, and a revolution that wins power but fights to build a working state. In *1911**, financial reform under **Morgan Shuster* triggers a Russian ultimatum and renewed pressure—showing how fragile constitutionalism remained under imperial pressure. 🛢️🔥 *Oil enters the story* In 1908, oil erupts into Iran’s future. Pipelines, refineries, and global strategy arrive fast—turning the southwest into a magnet for empires and a question mark over who controls the wealth underground. 🛢️🌅 🌍 *World War I: neutrality trampled* Iran declares neutrality, but Russian, Ottoman, and British forces move across Iranian lands; famine and disease devastate communities; and the *1919 Anglo-Persian Agreement* deepens anger at foreign management of Iranian security and finance. 🧊🍞 🐎⚔️ *1921 and the end of an era* Regional movements flare, power fragments—and then the *1921 coup* lifts a new kind of authority. Reza Khan’s rise promises order and centralization, while Ahmad Shah fades. By **1925**, the Majles deposes the Qajars, closing the dynasty’s chapter and opening a new one in Iran’s struggle between sovereignty, reform, and power. 👑➡️🛡️ 🎙️ If you enjoyed this deep dive, drop a comment with the moment that shocked you most—war treaties, the tobacco boycott, constitutional battles, or the first oil strike. And don’t forget to *LIKE • SHARE • SUBSCRIBE* for the next chapter! ⭐📌 #QajarDynasty #IranHistory #HistoryOfPersia #PersianHistory #ConstitutionalRevolution #NaserAlDinShah #AbbasMirza #AmirKabir #TobaccoProtest #RussoPersianWars #TreatyOfTurkmenchay #TreatyOfGulistan #Majles #MasjedSoleiman #OilHistory #WorldWarI #Tehran