History of Persia - Chapter 20: Pahlavi Dynasty (1925 CE - 1979 CE) скачать в хорошем качестве

History of Persia - Chapter 20: Pahlavi Dynasty (1925 CE - 1979 CE)

Step into Iran’s whirlwind 20th century 🇮🇷✨ In **History of Persia - Chapter 20: Pahlavi Dynasty (1925 CE - 1979 CE)**, we follow a single dramatic arc: how a new monarchy tried to “build the modern nation” at high speed… and how the same project, powered by oil and enforced by a security state, helped set the stage for revolution. 👑⚙️ 🎬 *What you’ll experience in this episode* From dusty barracks to glittering palaces, from railways slicing through mountains to crowds filling Tehran’s streets, this chapter tells the Pahlavi story in chronological order—real events, real turning points, and the human tension between *modernization* and **legitimacy**. 🕰️ *Timeline Highlights (Old → New)* 🚩 *1921–1925:* Reza Khan rises after the 1921 coup and becomes Reza Shah. The Qajar era ends; the Pahlavi crown begins. 🏗️ *State-building & centralization:* A stronger army, new bureaucracy, censuses and registration, secular courts, and sweeping reforms that reach daily life—education, dress codes, and the push for “one modern Iran.” 🚂 *Trans-Iranian Railway:* Steel and steam become symbols of unity, control, and ambition across harsh geography. 📚🗣️ *Culture & identity:* Language and history are mobilized—Ferdowsi celebrations, the name “Iran” promoted internationally, and national symbolism woven into museums and textbooks. 🛢️ *Oil dilemmas:* National pride collides with foreign concessions; the 1933 oil settlement leaves lingering resentment. 🌍 *World War II shock* ⚔️ *1941:* Britain and the Soviet Union occupy Iran; Reza Shah is forced to abdicate. Iran becomes the “Persian Corridor,” with shortages and social strain. 🏛️ *1943 Tehran Conference:* The world’s great powers meet in Tehran while Iranians watch sovereignty bend under war. 🧩 *1945–1946:* Crisis in Azerbaijan and Mahabad; diplomacy, pressure, and Soviet withdrawal test the young UN and Iran’s politics. 🟥 *New parties & ideologies:* Political space opens—labor activism, leftist movements like the Tudeh Party, and renewed constitutional dreams. 🔥 *The Oil Nationalization Drama* 🗳️ *1951:* The Majles nationalizes oil; Prime Minister Razmara is assassinated; Mohammad Mossadegh becomes the face of sovereignty. ⚖️🌐 Mossadegh fights in courts and at the UN, but sanctions and blockades squeeze the economy. 🌀 *1953:* Coup turmoil topples Mossadegh; the shah returns determined to rule more decisively. 🛢️ *1954:* A new consortium reopens oil under foreign-heavy management—pragmatic for some, humiliating for others. 🧱 *The High Modernization Decades* 🕵️ *1957:* SAVAK rises; surveillance becomes a social fact. 🤝 *Cold War alignment:* Security pacts, military expansion, and a growing U.S. partnership reshape Iran’s strategic posture. 🌾🗳️ *1963 White Revolution:* Land reform, literacy campaigns, women’s voting rights, and rapid development—plus backlash. 🔥 *June 1963:* Bloodshed and protest; Khomeini’s opposition gains national symbolism. Exile follows; cassette culture later carries messages farther than censorship. 👑 *1967:* Coronation spectacle and cultural projects attempt to project permanence. 🎭 *1971:* Persepolis “2,500 years” celebrations dazzle—and polarize. 🧨 *1971 onward:* Guerrilla actions and harsher crackdowns signal shrinking political space. 🛢️ *1973–1977:* Oil money surges; so do inflation, inequality, migration, corruption accusations, and “anti-profiteering” campaigns. The state dreams of a “Great Civilization,” but society feels the strain. 🌪️ *Revolution, 1978–1979* 🕯️ *1977–1978:* Deaths, letters, and public criticism grow; the Qom spark ignites the 40-day mourning cycle; cities erupt in waves. 🔥 *Cinema Rex (1978):* A tragedy that deepens fury and suspicion. 🩸 *Black Friday (Sept 8, 1978):* Martial law and shootings harden positions. ⛔ Strikes—especially in oil—cripple the regime. ✈️ *Jan 1979:* The shah leaves Iran; Bakhtiar’s last reforms arrive too late. 🏙️ *Feb 1979:* Khomeini returns; the armed forces fracture; the monarchy collapses. 📜 *1979 aftershock:* Revolutionary committees, the IRGC’s formation, the March referendum for an Islamic Republic, the constitution approved later in 1979, and the U.S. embassy seizure that reshapes foreign relations. 🎧 *Why this chapter matters* Because the Pahlavi era isn’t “just” a modernization story—it’s a lesson in how fast change, oil wealth, foreign pressure, and restricted politics can collide. ⚡📚 🧭 Along the way we’ll also meet reformers, clerics, students, workers, and courtiers—people pulled between hope and fear as Iran races through decades of change in a single lifetime. 🌟 👉 If you enjoyed the journey, hit LIKE, SHARE, and SUBSCRIBE so you don’t miss the next chapter! ✅ #Pahlavi #IranHistory #HistoryOfPersia #RezaShah #MohammadRezaShah #WhiteRevolution #Mossadegh #1953Coup #IranianRevolution #MiddleEastHistory #ModernIran #PersianHistory #Tehran #Abadan #OPEC #SAVAK #Persepolis