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How Testosterone Shapes Men’s Health

Testosterone plays a key role in men’s health — supporting strength, vitality, muscle and bone health, sexual function and emotional well-being. But levels naturally decline with age, and symptoms can overlap with other conditions. So how do we know when low testosterone is just part of aging, and when it reflects true testosterone deficiency? In this episode of Aging Forward, host Christina Chen, M.D., talks with C. Scott Collins, M.D., Medical Director of the Mayo Clinic Men’s Health Clinic, about how testosterone changes over time, when testing makes sense, and what current evidence says about treatment options and safety. You’ll learn about: • What testosterone does: • Muscle strength and mass • Bone density • Libido and sexual function • Metabolic and emotional health How levels change with age: • What’s considered “normal” • Symptoms of low testosterone (low T) • When symptoms may indicate deficiency Testing and diagnosis: • Total vs. free testosterone • Ideal testing windows • How sleep, metabolic health and sleep apnea influence levels Treatment considerations: • Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) • Delivery methods (topical vs. injection) • Safety data on cardiovascular and prostate health • Misconceptions about supplements and over-the-counter products Lifestyle factors that matter: • Weight and metabolic health • Sleep apnea treatment • Exercise and physical activity • Sleep hygiene 0:00 Introduction: Testosterone and Healthy Aging 1:09 What Testosterone Does Beyond Sexual Health 2:16 When Testosterone Naturally Declines 3:07 Normal Aging Versus Testosterone Deficiency 5:01 Common Symptoms Of Low Testosterone 7:10 Why Testosterone Levels Are Declining 9:21 Primary Versus Secondary Low Testosterone 10:43 When Men Should Be Tested 12:08 How Testosterone Testing Should Be Done 13:27 Additional Hormone Tests And Imaging 15:32 Who Is A Candidate For Treatment 17:09 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Options 19:03 Prescription Therapy Versus Supplements 20:35 Risks And Side Effects Of Testosterone Therapy 22:04 Cardiovascular And Prostate Safety Evidence 24:09 Lifestyle Changes That Improve Testosterone 26:06 Sexual Health, Vitality, And Aging 28:01 Erectile Dysfunction And Testosterone 30:52 Patient Success Stories And Outcomes 32:35 What Healthy Aging Means To Dr. Collins 34:26 Episode Wrap-Up And Listener Resources Whether you’re curious about testosterone testing, replacement therapy, or supporting men’s health with age, this episode provides science-based insight and practical context. From Mayo Clinic to your inbox, sign-up for free: https://mayocl.in/3e71zfi Visit Mayo Clinic: https://mayocl.in/2COVmlm Like Mayo Clinic on Facebook:   / mayoclinic   Follow Mayo Clinic on Instagram:   / mayoclinic   Follow Mayo Clinic on X, formerly Twitter: https://x.com/MayoClinic Follow Mayo Clinic on Threads: https://www.threads.net/@mayoclinic