(22) Substrate Level Phosphorylation: Simple Explanation with Examples | ATP (Energy) Production скачать в хорошем качестве

(22) Substrate Level Phosphorylation: Simple Explanation with Examples | ATP (Energy) Production

Download the "Solution Pharmacy" Mobile App to Get All Uploaded Notes, Model Question Papers, Answer Papers, Online Tests and other GPAT Materials - https://play.google.com/store/apps/de... For iOS devices: Download the Class Plus app and enter the ORG code NQILV when prompted. All other steps remain the same as for Android devices. Substrate-Level Phosphorylation (SLP) Definition Substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP) is a type of ATP synthesis that occurs when a phosphate group is directly transferred from a phosphorylated substrate to ADP, forming ATP. This process does not require the electron transport chain (ETC) or oxidative phosphorylation. Key Features Occurs in the cytoplasm (glycolysis) and mitochondria (Krebs cycle). ATP is synthesized directly from a high-energy substrate. Does not require oxygen (anaerobic process). Uses enzymes like kinases for phosphate transfer. Steps of Substrate-Level Phosphorylation A high-energy phosphorylated compound donates a phosphate group. ADP accepts the phosphate group to form ATP. A new product (usually dephosphorylated) is formed. Examples of Substrate-Level Phosphorylation 1. Glycolysis (Cytoplasm) Step: Conversion of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG) to 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) Enzyme: Phosphoglycerate kinase 1,3−BPG+ADP→3−PG+ATP Step: Conversion of Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to Pyruvate Enzyme: Pyruvate kinase PEP+ADP→Pyruvate+ATP 2. Krebs Cycle (Mitochondria) Step: Conversion of Succinyl-CoA to Succinate Enzyme: Succinyl-CoA synthetase Succinyl−CoA+ADP(orGDP)+P →Succinate+ATP(orGTP)+CoA This reaction occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and is the only ATP-producing step in the Krebs cycle via SLP. Conclusion Substrate-level phosphorylation is a crucial energy-producing mechanism independent of oxygen, occurring mainly in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. It provides quick ATP but is less efficient than oxidative phosphorylation. Get in touch with the solution by just clicking the following links- Facebook Group-   / solutionpharamcy   Mobile App - https://play.google.com/store/apps/de... New Channel (Pharmacy Dictionary)    / @pharmacydictionary   E-Mail for official and other work - [email protected] #solutionpharmacy #Pharmacologyclass #Pharmacognosyvideos #GPAT